Middle Ear Infection (Acute Otitis Media) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Middle ear infections (also known as acute otitis media) are relatively common infections of the middle ear, causing inflammation and fluid buildup behind the ear drum (tympanic membrane). Middle ear infections are caused by a variety of microbes, including bacteria and some viruses. There are a variety of risk factors for getting middle ear infections, including exposure to second-hand smoke. In this lesson we discuss the exact causes of a middle ear infection, including a long list of risk factors, signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated.

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**MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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*Check Out Some of My Other Lessons*

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

Infectious Disease Playlist

Dermatology Playlist

Pharmacology Playlist

Hematology Playlist

Rheumatology Playlist

Endocrinology Playlist

Nephrology Playlist

Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway:

Wnt/B Catenin Signaling Pathway:

Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions:

Lesson on the Purine Synthesis and Salvage Pathway:

Gastrulation | Formation of Germ Layers:

Introductory lesson on Autophagy (Macroautophagy):

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DISCLAIMER: This video is for educational purposes only and information in this lesson SHOULD NOT be used for medical purposes alone. Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.

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What Causes VITAMIN D Deficiency?🤔 #thinkyourhealth #vitamin #supplements #doctor #medications #sunlight #healthcare #health #healthtips #protein
What Happens if you are VITAMIN D Deficient?🤔😯 #thinkyourhealth #healthcare #health #supplement #doctor #fatigue #tired #backpain #medicationmusic

This video examines causes of Vitamin D deficiency!
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin. The funny thing about vitamin D is that it behaves differently to other vitamins. In fact it is NOT really a vitamin, but rather a steroid hormone. Its chemical structure is derived from cholesterol and has similarities to sex and adrenal hormones.

Here you can read the entire transcript: https://drthinkyourhealth.com/8-vitamin-d-deficiency-signs-and-symptoms-warning-signs-you-cant-ignore/

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🔴 Sources:

1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901845/
2) https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-d-side-effects#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
3) https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/#en1
4) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vitamin-d2-vs-d3#vitamin-d-2-vs-d-3

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Roger Seheult, MD of MedCram dives deep into the causes of excess deaths following the 2020 pandemic. See all Dr. Seheult’s videos at: https://www.medcram.com
(This video was recorded on January 31, 2023)

Roger Seheult, MD is the co-founder and lead professor at https://www.medcram.com
He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and an Associate Professor at the University of California, Riverside School of Medicine.

LINKS / REFERENCES:

Search Open Payments (Open Payments) | https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov

Why are we not Talking About Cancer Deaths due to COVID-19? (Onco’Zine) | https://www.oncozine.com/why-are-we-not-talking-about-cancer-deaths-due-to-covid-19/

Missed cancer screenings from COVID flash a warning to US life expectancy (Munich RE) | https://www.munichre.com/us-life/en/perspectives/missed-cancer-screenings-from-covid.html

Changes in cancer-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (ASCO) | https://meetings.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/206727

Estimated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer services and excess 1-year mortality in people with cancer and multimorbidity: near real-time data on cancer care, cancer deaths and a population-based cohort study (BMJ) | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e043828

Excess mortality in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru: an analysis of death registry data (Lancet) | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(22)00427-2/fulltext

The Netherlands has one of the highest cancer rates in Europe (Expat) | https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/netherlands-has-one-highest-cancer-rates-europe

Debunking the False Claim That COVID Death Counts Are Inflated (Scientific American) | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/debunking-the-false-claim-that-covid-death-counts-are-inflated1/

Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 (Nature) | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01689-3

Associations of Outdoor Temperature, Bright Sunlight, and Cardiometabolic Traits in Two European Population-Based Cohorts (JCEM) | https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/7/2903/5315432

A geographical approach to the development of hypotheses relating to Covid-19 death rates (Melatonin Research) | https://www.melatonin-research.net/index.php/MR/article/view/197

Group Life COVID-19 Mortality Survey Report (SOA) | https://www.soa.org/4a368a/globalassets/assets/files/resources/research-report/2022/group-life-covid-19-mortality-03-2022-report.pdf

More Young Americans Are Dying, But Not From Vaccines (Bloomberg) | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-01-19/why-are-young-people-dying-in-us-and-what-are-the-causes?leadSource=uverify%20wall#xj4y7vzkg

All coronavirus updates are at MedCram.com (including more discussion on delta variant covid, COVID Delta, COVID children, natural immunity COVID 19, and more).

MedCram Update 46: https://youtu.be/EFRwnhfWXxo

MedCram Update 47: https://youtu.be/H1LHgyfPPQ8

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Vitamin D plays a crucial role in keeping our bones, teeth, and muscles healthy and according to the experts, it’s possible to get enough of the vitamin through sunlight alone during the brighter months (from late March to the end of September.) Still, it’s estimated that about 1 billion people worldwide have low vitamin D levels with common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency including fatigue, muscle weakness, and bone pain.

This video will cover the topic of vitamin D deficiency including causes and how to correct vitamin D deficiency. To navigate to specific points in the video, see below:

0:16 – What is vitamin D responsible for?
1:08 – What are the causes of vitamin D deficiency?
1:36 – How to correct vitamin D deficiency
2:43 – How can you get checked?

Would you like to know more about your vitamin D levels? You can check-in from the comfort of your couch with LetsGetChecked’s range of at-home Vitamin Tests, including the Essential Vitamin Test which provides insights into deficiencies of key vitamins including vitamin D, vitamin B12, and vitamin E.

Home Vitamin Testing Options: https://www.letsgetchecked.com/home-vitamin-deficiency-test/
Home Vitamin D Test: https://www.letsgetchecked.com/home-vitamin-d-test/
Home Essential Vitamin Test: https://www.letsgetchecked.com/home-essential-vitamin-test/

For more information on vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D foods, visit our blog:

How do you Check Vitamin Levels From Home? https://www.letsgetchecked.com/articles/how-do-you-check-vitamin-levels-from-home/
What Foods are High in Vitamin D? https://www.letsgetchecked.com/articles/what-foods-are-high-in-vitamin-d/
Four Vitamin Deficiencies You Should Fix Now (and How to Fix Them) https://www.letsgetchecked.com/articles/4-vitamin-deficiencies-you-should-fix-now-and-how-to-fix-them/

LetsGetChecked is a virtual care company that allows customers to manage their health from home, providing direct access to #telehealth services, #pharmacy, and laboratory tests with at-home sample collection kits for a wide range of health conditions including Sexual Health, Cholesterol, Diabetes, Thyroid, Coronavirus (COVID-19), and more.

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Vitamin D Deficiency | Introduction, Absorption & Metabolism, Purpose of Vitamin D, Causes of Deficiency

Vitamin D Deficiency is a very common worldwide condition, involving inadequate levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D refers to a number of fat soluble vitamins that are garnered from dietary sources or through endogenous synthesis. Vitamin D is absorbed in the gastrointestinal system and is also synthesized in the skin from cholesterol precursors. In this lesson, we discuss these topics in more detail, including why we need vitamin D (ex. calcium homeostasis), and a variety of causes of vitamin D deficiency.

This lesson is part 1 in a series on Vitamin D deficiency. In the next lesson, we discuss the signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, along with methods of diagnosing and ways of treating Vitamin D deficiency.

Note: I’m not entirely satisfied with this lesson, so I may delete this and reupload another version of it. Let me know what you think of it 🙂

References (StatPearls, 2020):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532266/

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EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.

**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

Infectious Disease Playlist

Dermatology Playlist

Pharmacology Playlist

Hematology Playlist

Rheumatology Playlist

Endocrinology Playlist

Nephrology Playlist

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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*
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C3 Vertebrae Injury, C4 Vertebrae Injury, and C5 Vertebrae Injury are all defined. C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy is described. Cervical Spinal Injury treatments, as well as C3 Vertebrae, C4 Vertebrae, C5 Vertebrae recoveries are all discussed.

C3 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C2 – C3 junction of the spinal column is important, as this is where flexion and extension occur (flexion is the movement of the chin toward the chest and extension is the backward movement of the head). Patients with a cervical vertebrae injury at the C3 level will have limited mobility in both their flexion and extension.
The C3 vertebra is in line with the lower section of the jaw and hyoid bone, which holds the tongue in place. The flexible C3 vertebrae helps aid in the bending and rotation of the neck.
C4 Spinal Vertebra Defined
This central portion of the spinal cord, which relates to the C4 vertebra, contains nerves that run to the diaphragm, which helps us breathe by contracting and pulling air into the lungs. The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage.
C5 Spinal Vertebra Defined
The C5 spinal vertebra is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. If the injury is at or above the C5 vertebra, the person may be unable to breathe since the spinal cord nerves located between the third and fifth cervical vertebrae control respiration. Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra also affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms.
C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical vertebrae from C3 through C6 are also known as typical vertebrae since they share similar anatomical characteristics to the other vertebrae further down the spinal column. Typical vertebrae share these features:
Vertebral Body
The thick boned vertebral body is cylindrical-shaped and located at the front of the vertebra. It carries most of the weight for a vertebra. Most vertebrae feature an intervertebral disc between 2 vertebral bodies for cushioning and shock absorption.
Vertebral Arch
The vertebral arch is a bony curve that wraps around the spinal cord toward the back of the spine and consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae.
Facet Joints
Each vertebra has a pair of facet joints, also known as zygapophysial joints. These joints, located between the pedicle and lamina on each side of the vertebral arch, are lined with smooth cartilage to enable limited movement between 2 vertebrae. Spinal degeneration or injury to the facet joints are among the most common causes of chronic neck pain.
Functions of C3, C4, & C5 Vertebrae
These vertebrae form the midsection of the cervical spine, near the base of the neck. They control function to the body from the shoulders down. All three vertebrae work together to support the neck and head.
Causes of Cervical Spinal Injuries
The most common causes of cervical vertebrae injury and spinal cord damage include a spinal fracture from diving accidents and sports, as well as medical complications. Other common causes include:
• Tumors
• Trauma
• Birth defects
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Infections or diseases
• Slip and fall incidents
C3, C4, and C5 Injury Symptoms
Symptoms of a C3 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C3 vertebrae include:
• Limited range of motion
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C4 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Patients with C4 spinal cord injuries typically need 24 hour-a-day support to breathe and maintain oxygen levels. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C4 vertebrae include:
• Loss of diaphragm function
• Potential requirement of a ventilator for breathing
• Limited range of motion
• Paralysis in arms, hands, torso, and legs
• Trouble controlling bladder and bowel function
Symptoms of a C5 Level Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord at the C5 vertebra affects the vocal cords, biceps, and deltoid muscles in the upper arms. Unlike some of the higher cervical injuries, a patient with a C5 spinal cord injury will likely be able to breathe and speak on their own. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury corresponding to C5 vertebrae include:
• Retaining the ability to speak and breathe without assistance, though respiration may be weak
• Paralysis in the torso, legs, wrists, and hands
• Paralysis may be experienced on one or both sides of the body
• Patients may be able to raise their arms and/or bend their elbows
• Patients will need assistance with daily living, but may have some independent function

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