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This is different from antinuclear antibodies (ANA) which are antibodies against the nucleus.
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have several patterns; the most important two being the cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA) and the perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA).
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are associated with vasculitis, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), rapidly-progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (ant-GBM or Goodpasture’s syndrome), as well as inflammatory bowel disease-associated. vasculitis.

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In brief, Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are IgG autoantibodies against the cytoplasm of the neutrophils and monocytes,​ and are associated with vasculitis, but they don’t correlate with disease activity or symptoms. If you like my videos, please consider leaving a tip at https://www.paypal.me/perfectionalis/
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“Small Vessel Vasculitis Vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessels resulting in damaged vessels leading to potential complication such as tissue ischaemia from lumen narrowing or from thromboembolic events from platelet consumption during vessel repair. Primary vasculitides are classified into the size of the blood vessels affected; large vessel, medium vessel and small vessel vasculitis. The small vessel vasculitis can be further divided into ANCA associated vasculitis (AAVs) and immune complex mediated vasculitis.

ANCA associated vasculitis is so called this because in the person’s blood there is presence of ANCA which is an abbreviated to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. AAVs usually tends to affect small and medium sized arteries. There are three main types of ANCA
– Microscopic polyangiitis
– Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
– Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

The pathophysiology of AAV involve presence of ANCA and also granulomatosis.
ANCA target certain proteins in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. The neutrophil for example contains enzymes myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3 in granules. What it thought to happen is that during inflammation cytokines such as TNFa and IL1 stimulates the translocation of proteinase 3 and myeloperixoidase to the cell membrane allowing these enzymes to be exposed.”

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